The Earth formed around 4.5 billion years ago, setting the stage for life. Early conditions included volcanic activity and a primordial atmosphere.

The earliest evidence of life, dated at 3.5 billion years ago, shows simple prokaryotic organisms, marking life’s humble beginnings.

Stromatolites, fossilized microbial mats, indicate early photosynthesis, demonstrating life’s ability to harness energy from sunlight.

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Endosymbiosis explains eukaryotic cell formation from symbiotic relationships among multiple prokaryotic cells, a key evolutionary leap.

Approximately 541 million years ago, the Cambrian Explosion led to rapid life diversification, introducing most major animal phyla.

Around 500 million years ago, life extended to land with plants and fungi adapting, followed by animals such as early amphibians.

Dinosaurs ruled the Mesozoic era, while small mammals coexisted with them, later diversifying after the Cretaceous extinction event.

Darwin's natural selection theory details survival advantages. Earth’s five major mass extinctions reshaped life significantly.

Fossils and genetic data offer insights into evolution, displaying chronological and relational development over millions of years.